GAZA CITY, Gaza Strip // Palestinians in the Gaza Strip pounded southern Israel with rocket fire today, killing three people as the Israeli military pressed forward with a second day of intense air raids and naval attacks on Gaza.
With Israel threatening to invade the Palestinian territory, the heaviest fighting between Israel and Hamas in four years showed no signs of letting up.
The fighting, which began yesterday when Israel assassinated Hamas' military chief, brought life to a standstill on both sides of the border. Gaza's streets were mostly empty as the Israeli air force continued to strike targets. Residents across southern Israel remained huddled indoors or close to home, ordered by authorities to remain close to a network of public bomb shelters.
The deaths in the southern Israeli town of Kiryat Malachi were the first in Israel since it launched its operation and raised the prospects of even fiercer Israeli retaliation. Israeli leaders have said they are prepared to broaden the operation to a ground invasion if necessary, though there were no signs of extraordinary troop movements along the border.
"The military will continue acting to establish deterrence against Hamas and to return the calm," defence minister Ehud Barak said during a tour of southern Israel. He praised citizens for coping with the "tough moments to come".
Following the assassination of Hamas mastermind Ahmed Al Jabari on Wednesday, Israeli tanks, gunboats and aircraft struck dozens of sites across Gaza. A total of 13 Palestinians, including four civilians, have been killed and more than 100 people wounded, according to Palestinian medical officials. Among the dead were two children.
Explosions rocked Gaza throughout the day today as well. Few in the territory's largest urban area, Gaza City, came out following the call for dawn prayers, and the only vehicles plying the streets were ambulances and media cars.
Most Gazans remained in their homes, following developments on Hamas-run TV and local radio stations. Many also provided updates on their Facebook and Twitter accounts, providing news about airstrikes and rocket launches. Others shared prayers and called for militants to stand tough against Israel.
"My little four-year-old boy keeps asking me to pray with him every 10 minutes, saying, `Mama. Let's pray together to Allah in order to be safe,"' one woman, Ghadeer Ahmad, wrote on her Facebook account.
While streets were quiet, bakeries and groceries remained open. No food shortages were reported, and electricity, which suffers frequent outages even during normal times, remained sporadic. Many families keep home generators to maintain power.
"I am trying to calm my children when they hear the sound of explosions," said Zainab Nimr, a 33-year-old mother of three. "We have enough food and water for four days, so I asked my husband to go out and get extra supplies. No one knows when this will end."
Thousands of people, including top Hamas officials, braved the threats to attend the funeral for Jabari, who had long topped Israel's most-wanted list for his role in deadly attacks and building up Hamas' formidable arsenal. Dozens of residents stood solemnly outside their homes or on their balconies as the procession walked by.
"We want to kill in the name of God," chanted mourners as angry gunmen fired automatic weapons into the air. Hundreds of people raised their index fingers in the air, chanting, "God is great".
"This crime will not weaken us. It will make us stronger and more determined to continue the path of jihad and resistance," Hamas lawmaker Mushir Al Masri said in a eulogy. "The enemy opened the battle and shall bear the consequences."
Israel said Jabari's assassination was the start of a broader offensive, launched after days of rocket fire from the coastal territory. It was Israel's most intense attack on Gaza since a full-scale invasion four years ago, also in response to rocket fire.
Despite the similarities, much has changed since then. Hamas has beefed up its arsenal with more powerful and far-reaching missiles. Israel, meanwhile, has deployed a first-of-its-kind system that shoots down incoming rockets. Officials say the "Iron Dome" system is believed to have a roughly 80 per cent success rate.
Israel also faces a much-changed region. Following a popular uprising last year, Egypt is now governed by Hamas' ideological counterpart, the Muslim Brotherhood. Egypt's new Islamist government has so far honoured a 1979 peace deal with Israel. But it is far cooler to Israel than ousted President Hosni Mubarak was.
In an initial protest, Egypt recalled its ambassador to Israel on Wednesday. It also asked the United States to push Israel to stop the offensive, warning the violence could "escalate out of control," the Foreign Ministry said.
Tensions have also heated up along Israel's northern border as the civil war in Syria has begun to spill over into the Israeli-controlled Golan Heights. Earlier this week, Israel twice fired in response to stray mortar shells that landed in the Golan.
Israelis were ordered to remain close to shelters or fortified rooms in their homes as air raid sirens wailed throughout the day. Police said two men and a woman died after a rocket struck their four-story apartment building in Kiryat Malachi. A four-year-old boy and two babies were also wounded.
Israeli media reported that the victims had ignored orders to protect themselves.
"We lost people today who could have been with us if they had just followed instructions," said Avi Dichter, the Cabinet minister in charge of Israeli civil defence.
Hamas announced a state of emergency in Gaza, evacuating all its security buildings and deploying its troops away from their locations.
Israeli aircraft dropped leaflets on several locations in Gaza earlyt oday, warning Gazans to stay away from Hamas, other militants and their facilities.
The Israeli military said Hamas fighters and other militant factions, undeterred by the air attacks, bombarded southern Israel with more than 180 rockets. The Iron Dome, meant to detect rockets headed toward populated areas, intercepted about 30 of them, the military said.
Israel declared a state of emergency in the country's south, where more than 1 million Israelis live within rocket range, instructing people to remain close to fortified areas. School was cancelled in communities within a 40-kilometre radius of Gaza.
People living in areas along the frontier were ordered to stay home from work, save for essential services, and shopping centres were closed. Israeli police stepped up patrols around the country, fearing Hamas could retaliate with bombing attacks far from the reaches of Gaza.
Batya Katar, a resident of Sderot, a community that has been a frequent target of rocket fire, said streets were empty there.
"People won't be outside. The minute they assassinated the Hamas military chief we knew an offensive had begun. We were waiting for it, and it's about time they did it. We have the right to live like other countries in the world," she said.
Israeli officials said yesterday that a ground invasion was a strong possibility in the coming days if Hamas didn't rein in the rocket fire. Mid-morning Thursday, there was no sign such an invasion might be beginning. But the Israeli military was cleared to call up special reserve units - a sign the operation might broaden.
The Israeli military released a series of videos showing black-and-white footage of its targets being struck: weapon depots and rocket launching pads.
The military said it destroyed dozens of the militants' most potent rockets - the Iranian-made Fajr, which is capable of striking Israel's Tel Aviv heartland - as well as shorter-range rockets. In all, the military estimated Hamas had 10,000 rockets and mortars in its arsenal before the military operation began.
Earlier this week, Israeli defence officials warned they were considering resuming a controversial practice of assassinating senior militants. Wednesday's killing of Mr Al Jabari was an indication they were serious.
Hamas, meanwhile, has complained in recent months that Israel was trying to "set the rules" on the battlefield. Officials said the group stepped up attacks on Israel in recent weeks to put Israel on the defensive.
Hamas, which has ruled Gaza since seizing control of the territory five years ago, has also drawn criticism that it was going soft as it focused its efforts on building its government instead of battling Israel. Hamas, formed a quarter of a century ago as a resistance movement committed to Israel's destruction, has killed hundreds of Israelis over the years.
Hamas accused prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu of launching Wednesday's operation to win votes in the January 22 parliamentary election. But major Israeli parties, including the dovish opposition, all lined up behind Netanyahu.
In Washington, the United States lined up behind Israel. "We support Israel's right to defend itself, and we encourage Israel to continue to take every effort to avoid civilian casualties," State Department spokesman Mark Toner said.
President Barack Obama spoke with Netanyahu and the two men agreed Hamas needs to stop its attacks on Israel to allow tensions to ease, the White House said.
Obama spoke separately to Egyptian president Mohammed Morsi, given Egypt's central role in preserving regional security, the White House said. The two men agreed on the need to de-escalate the conflict as quickly as possible.
Egypt's foreign minister Mohammed Kamel Amr also spoke with US secretary of state Hillary Rodham Clinton last night, asking for "immediate US intervention to stop the Israeli aggression," the Foreign Ministry said in a statement.
UN secretary-general Ban Ki-moon called for calm and urged both sides to respect international humanitarian law.