Giant Iceberg on collision course with penguin island

Iceberg A68a threatens to cut off the feeding waters on the island of South Georgia in the Atlantic Ocean

The first photographic evidence of one of the largest recorded icebergs floating near the island of South Georgia. EPA

An RAF photographer capturing imagery of the 'A68' iceberg. EPA

The outline of the iceberg was captured in unprecedented detail. AFP

The images were taken from an A400M Atlas Royal Air Force aircraft. AFP

The images revealed tunnels under the iceberg, as well as deep fissures extending downwards. AFP

Ice debris near the island of South Georgia. EPA

A68a is the largest section of A68, an iceberg which calved from the Larsen C Ice Shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula in July 2017. EPA

A graphic showing the route of the iceberg over the last few weeks. British Antarctic Survey

Latest satellite image of the A68a iceberg. British Antarctic Survey

A glider in the Antarctic. David White/British Antarctic Survey

The RRS James Cook. Photo credit: NOC

Iceberg A68a is on a slow journey to potential disaster.

The huge ice mass, which broke from the Antarctic's Larsen C ice shelf in July 2017, slid towards the open ocean for more than two years until it hit the powerful circumpolar current that circles the continent.

That propelled the berg north-east through what scientists call "iceberg alley", and it is now headed straight for South Georgia Island, and could within days hit the remote outpost in the southern Atlantic teeming with wildlife.

At 4,200 square kilometres, the berg is bigger than Singapore or Luxembourg.

"There's nothing that's really been that large before in scientific history that we've seen coming up to South Georgia,” said Geraint Tarling, a biological oceanographer with the British Antarctic Survey.

"Normally we'd expect these icebergs to break apart in the open ocean."

Scientists say the iceberg could grind over the island's shelf, crushing underwater life. If it lodges at the island’s flank, it could remain a fixture for up to 10 years before the ice melts or breaks away, Mr Tarling said.

That could block some of the island’s two million penguins from reaching the water to feed their young. Melting freshwater could also make the waters inhospitable for phytoplankton and other creatures in the food chain.

A68a has the scientific community debating if its calving was a consequence of climate change, and whether more such monster bergs are to come.

The largest icebergs

There have been few larger icebergs in recent history, the biggest being B-15, which measured 11,000 square kilometres when it broke from Antarctica’s Ross Ice Shelf in March 2000.

Whether climate change was directly, or partially, responsible for destabilising Larsen C is a matter of debate, said Ted Scambos, a senior research scientist at the University of Colorado in Boulder.

Scientists have limited understanding of how the ice behaved historically, because satellite monitoring began only in recent decades, he said. And the continent is influenced by other variables, including strong winds and weather patterns in the tropics.

Antarctica is one of the fastest-warming places on Earth. Records show South Pole temperatures have risen at three times the rate of the global average over the past three decades.