Russian President Vladimir Putin and his Turkish counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdogan will hold Syria talks in Moscow on Wednesday, with Turkey saying they will focus on Ankara's "security zone" in northern Syria.
The two leaders are on opposite sides of the conflict: Russia provides critical support to the Syrian government, while Turkey has backed rebel groups fighting President Bashar Al Assad's forces.
Despite this, they have worked closely to find a political solution to the seven-year conflict. Russia and Turkey have agreed to co-ordinate ground operations in Syria following US President Donald Trump's shock announcement on pulling 2,000 American troops out of Syria last month.
In a speech on Monday, Mr Erdogan said he would discuss with Mr Putin the creation of a Turkish-controlled "security zone" in northern Syria, suggested by Mr Trump.
The US-allied Kurds, who control much of northern Syria, have rejected the idea, fearing a Turkish offensive against territory under their control.
Moscow, a long-time supporter of Mr Assad, is likely to oppose the plan, with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov last week saying Damascus must take control of the country's north.
______________
Read more:
US-Turkey talks on Syria intensify before Erdogan’s meeting with Putin
Turkey says it will establish safe zone in northern Syria
Israel announces air strikes on Iranian military targets in Syria
Southwest Syria: A theatre of war between Iran and Israel
_______________
Nearly eight years into Syria's deadly conflict, the US pull-out has led to another crucial step in Mr Assad's Russian-backed drive to reassert control over the country.
Kurdish forces who were left exposed by Mr Trump's pledge to withdraw US troops have asked the Syrian regime for help to face a threatened Turkish offensive.
The Kremlin hailed the entry by Syrian forces into the key northern city of Manbij for the first time in six years after Kurds opened the gates.
Moscow plans to organise a three-way summit with Turkey and Iran at the beginning of this year as part of the Astana peace process, launched by the three countries in 2017.
"So far, no date has been set but after negotiations with President Erdogan, we will begin preparations for the trilateral summit," Putin's foreign policy aide Yuri Ushakov told reporters last week.
The last meeting between Mr Putin, Mr Erdogan and Iran's Hassan Rouhani took place in Iran in September last year with the fate of the rebel-held Idlib province dominating the agenda.
Ties between Russia and Turkey plunged to their lowest level in years in November 2015 when Turkish forces shot down a Russian warplane over Syria.
But after a reconciliation deal in 2016, relations have recovered with remarkable speed with Mr Putin and Mr Erdogan co-operating closely over Syria, Turkey buying Russian-made air defence systems and Russia building Turkey's first nuclear power plant.