LONDON// Flanked by Islamic bookshops in one of the shabbier corners of London, the modest facade of the Masjid Tawhid bears no resemblance to the solemn grandeur of the Royal Courts of Justice in the centre of the capital.
But tucked away inside a building that also offers ample accommodation for prayers, classes and social functions is a tiny room where justice is dispensed with no less seriousness than in the official courts.
Here in Leyton High Road, in London's East End, and in nearby premises previously used by the Islamic Sharia Council of the UK, some 10,000 cases have been dealt with during the past 27 years. The workload is increasing and senior Muslim scholars who administer the system believe it is only a matter of time before Sharia is formally accepted within the framework of British law.
But this growth has generated fierce criticism in some quarters. A report by the think-tank Civitas earlier this year claimed 85 Sharia courts were operating in the UK, sometimes giving the Muslims who turn to them illegal advice on matrimonial and divorce issues. Its allegations are firmly challenged by the council, but Britain's Conservative opposition is expected to impose restrictions if it takes power next year.
For Sheikh Haitham al Haddad, one of the council's most senior members, the work of such tribunals can be "complementary to the civil courts" and in certain cases find solutions that would be beyond the established legal system.
He suspects the hostility of some non-Muslims is based on confusion with such punishments as the stoning of adulteresses, amputation of thieves' hands and flogging for drinking alcohol. British public concern has been heightened by demonstrations in which militants have demanded the full application of Sharia.
As a devout Muslim, Sheikh Haddad, born in Saudi Arabia to Palestinian parents, considers physical punishment consistent with Islamic teaching, but points out that this is a philosophical issue that has nothing to with the council, which deals purely with civil disputes.
"We are not asking for the flogging of people for drinking or stoning for adultery," he said. "These things simply have no place in our discussions."
Some 85 per cent of the cases heard in Leyton, he said, concerned the dissolution of marriages and divorce arrangements. Inheritance matters and the declaration of fatwas on a range of matters covering Muslims' working and domestic lives accounted for most of the remainder.
The decisions of the council's hearings - Sheikh Haddad insists they are not courts - are widely respected in the Muslim community. Except in cases where a spouse, usually the wife, has been abandoned, both parties agree in advance to accept the findings. But he acknowledges that uncertainty about the legal status of the proceedings was a cause for concern. "It is one of our biggest problems that there is no formal recognition of Muslim personal law within the judicial system," he said. "But we are talking to politicians and to people in the churches in the hope that Britain will make some accommodation for our work. That would make it easier for the legal system generally, and easier for us."
Close to central London, the council also holds monthly sessions at the Central Mosque in Regent's Park and The National was invited to hear a succession of cases being considered by a panel of six, chaired by Sheikh Suhaib Hasan, the council's president. People involved in disputes sometimes make personal appearances, but on this occasion none was present.
In one case, a Nigerian woman's husband had taken "another wife", though it was not clear from the information read out whether this was a bigamous marriage - in the eyes of British law - or an affair. "I have no intention of denying him everlasting peace," the woman wrote. "Indeed my utmost desire has been for him to find peace and happiness."
She did, however, want a divorce. Perhaps in a moment of levity, Sheikh Hasan suggested that an abandoned woman's wish for him to have "everlasting peace" might mean she wanted him to die. Another panel member, Dr Khurram Bashir, insisted her words should be taken "at face value".
Hearing that the husband would agree to a divorce, the panel agreed to ask the woman to confirm that she would observe his four conditions, including assurances that she would neither "taunt" him nor visit his new home. In another case, where a man was suspected of withholding consent to divorce because of a dispute over money, the panel said the financial details should be left to the civil courts.
Broadly, UK law allows the council, and the separate Muslim Arbitration Tribunals permitted under a law passed in 1996, to make binding and enforceable decisions provided both parties consent to the process and the outcome is not in conflict with the law of the land.
Religious and academic opinion is divided. The head of the Church of England, Dr Rowan Williams, the archbishop of Canterbury, has suggested the law should be amended to recognise certain aspects of Sharia. But there is concern, especially about rulings or fatwas made in "unofficial courts", tribunals operating without the Islamic Sharia Council's endorsement and whose numbers are in dispute.
Dr Denis MacEoin, a specialist in Arabic and Islamic studies who wrote the Civitas report, gave the following examples from his research of rulings made:
? a man was allowed to divorce his wife without telling her about it "provided he does not seek to sleep with her"
? pronouncing it a religious duty to "fight the Americans and British"
? advocacy of severe punishments for homosexuality
? disapproval of a woman's recourse to fertility treatment
? forbidding a woman to stay with her husband if he leaves Islam
Dr MacEoin said: "If put into practice, they would undermine UK law by allowing a single community to play fast and loose with British law and customs. They are divisive, many of them are discriminatory against women and non-Muslims, and they deeply undermine the freedoms that all British citizens are entitled to enjoy."
But speaking on the eve of his departure to perform the Haj in Mecca, Sheikh Haddad said the report was flawed. "There are not 85 Islamic courts in the UK. There are only one or two that call themselves council and the maximum number of others we can establish is 15. As for the Muslim Arbitration Tribunals, I would say less than a handful."
No illegal advice was given, he said, and there was no attempt to run a parallel legal system. "But there is more and more need for Sharia bodies to deal with cases where Muslim law is respected by all the relevant parties. We need these bodies to be recognised - I believe in time that this will happen."
crandall@thenational.ae
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UAE cricketers abroad
Sid Jhurani is not the first cricketer from the UAE to go to the UK to try his luck.
Rameez Shahzad Played alongside Ben Stokes and Liam Plunkett in Durham while he was studying there. He also played club cricket as an overseas professional, but his time in the UK stunted his UAE career. The batsman went a decade without playing for the national team.
Yodhin Punja The seam bowler was named in the UAE’s extended World Cup squad in 2015 despite being just 15 at the time. He made his senior UAE debut aged 16, and subsequently took up a scholarship at Claremont High School in the south of England.
Our family matters legal consultant
Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
The advice provided in our columns does not constitute legal advice and is provided for information only. Readers are encouraged to seek independent legal advice.
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Israel Palestine on Swedish TV 1958-1989
Director: Goran Hugo Olsson
Rating: 5/5
Profile
Company: Justmop.com
Date started: December 2015
Founders: Kerem Kuyucu and Cagatay Ozcan
Sector: Technology and home services
Based: Jumeirah Lake Towers, Dubai
Size: 55 employees and 100,000 cleaning requests a month
Funding: The company’s investors include Collective Spark, Faith Capital Holding, Oak Capital, VentureFriends, and 500 Startups.
Greatest of All Time
Starring: Vijay, Sneha, Prashanth, Prabhu Deva, Mohan
Company Profile
Name: Thndr
Started: 2019
Co-founders: Ahmad Hammouda and Seif Amr
Sector: FinTech
Headquarters: Egypt
UAE base: Hub71, Abu Dhabi
Current number of staff: More than 150
Funds raised: $22 million
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The biog
Favourite film: The Notebook
Favourite book: What I know for sure by Oprah Winfrey
Favourite quote: “Social equality is the only basis of human happiness” Nelson Madela. Hometown: Emmen, The Netherlands
Favourite activities: Walking on the beach, eating at restaurants and spending time with friends
Job: Founder and Managing Director of Mawaheb from Beautiful Peopl
COMPANY%20PROFILE%20
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More on Quran memorisation:
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Company%20Profile
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Company%20Profile
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All about the Sevens
Cape Town Sevens on Saturday and Sunday: Pools A – South Africa, Kenya, France, Russia; B – New Zealand, Australia, Spain, United States; C – England, Scotland, Argentina, Uganda; D – Fiji, Samoa, Canada, Wales
HSBC World Sevens Series standing after first leg in Dubai 1 South Africa; 2 New Zealand; 3 England; 4 Fiji; 5 Australia; 6 Samoa; 7 Kenya; 8 Scotland; 9 France; 10 Spain; 11 Argentina; 12 Canada; 13 Wales; 14 Uganda; 15 United States; 16 Russia
How to protect yourself when air quality drops
Install an air filter in your home.
Close your windows and turn on the AC.
Shower or bath after being outside.
Wear a face mask.
Stay indoors when conditions are particularly poor.
If driving, turn your engine off when stationary.
The%C2%A0specs%20
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What is a Ponzi scheme?
A fraudulent investment operation where the scammer provides fake reports and generates returns for old investors through money paid by new investors, rather than through ligitimate business activities.
Company%20Profile
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COMPANY%20PROFILE
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BORDERLANDS
Starring: Cate Blanchett, Kevin Hart, Jamie Lee Curtis
Director: Eli Roth
Rating: 0/5
VEZEETA PROFILE
Date started: 2012
Founder: Amir Barsoum
Based: Dubai, UAE
Sector: HealthTech / MedTech
Size: 300 employees
Funding: $22.6 million (as of September 2018)
Investors: Technology Development Fund, Silicon Badia, Beco Capital, Vostok New Ventures, Endeavour Catalyst, Crescent Enterprises’ CE-Ventures, Saudi Technology Ventures and IFC
In numbers
Number of Chinese tourists coming to UAE in 2017 was... 1.3m
Alibaba’s new ‘Tech Town’ in Dubai is worth... $600m
China’s investment in the MIddle East in 2016 was... $29.5bn
The world’s most valuable start-up in 2018, TikTok, is valued at... $75bn
Boost to the UAE economy of 5G connectivity will be... $269bn
Mohammed bin Zayed Majlis
Which honey takes your fancy?
Al Ghaf Honey
The Al Ghaf tree is a local desert tree which bears the harsh summers with drought and high temperatures. From the rich flowers, bees that pollinate this tree can produce delicious red colour honey in June and July each year
Sidr Honey
The Sidr tree is an evergreen tree with long and strong forked branches. The blossom from this tree is called Yabyab, which provides rich food for bees to produce honey in October and November. This honey is the most expensive, but tastiest
Samar Honey
The Samar tree trunk, leaves and blossom contains Barm which is the secret of healing. You can enjoy the best types of honey from this tree every year in May and June. It is an historical witness to the life of the Emirati nation which represents the harsh desert and mountain environments
The specs
Engine: 2.7-litre 4-cylinder Turbomax
Power: 310hp
Torque: 583Nm
Transmission: 8-speed automatic
Price: From Dh192,500
On sale: Now
What%20is%20cystic%20fibrosis%3F
%3Cul%3E%0A%3Cli%3ECystic%20fibrosis%20is%20a%20genetic%20disorder%20that%20affects%20the%20lungs%2C%20pancreas%20and%20other%20organs.%3C%2Fli%3E%0A%3Cli%3EIt%20causes%20the%20production%20of%20thick%2C%20sticky%20mucus%20that%20can%20clog%20the%20airways%20and%20lead%20to%20severe%20respiratory%20and%20digestive%20problems.%3C%2Fli%3E%0A%3Cli%3EPatients%20with%20the%20condition%20are%20prone%20to%20lung%20infections%20and%20often%20suffer%20from%20chronic%20coughing%2C%20wheezing%20and%20shortness%20of%20breath.%3C%2Fli%3E%0A%3Cli%3ELife%20expectancy%20for%20sufferers%20of%20cystic%20fibrosis%20is%20now%20around%2050%20years.%3C%2Fli%3E%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0A
The specs: 2018 Ford Mustang GT
Price, base / as tested: Dh204,750 / Dh241,500
Engine: 5.0-litre V8
Gearbox: 10-speed automatic
Power: 460hp @ 7,000rpm
Torque: 569Nm @ 4,600rpm
Fuel economy, combined: 10.3L / 100km