What started as a minor diplomatic row between Libya and Switzerland almost two years ago has escalated into a serious dispute, prompting some EU countries to try to break the deadlock to avoid long-term consequences. The climax came on February 25 when Colonel Muammar Qadafi called for jihad. Speaking before thousands of Muslims from 20 different countries, including a dozen heads of states, he said Switzerland is an "infidel and obscene state which destroys mosques".
On March 2 the Libyan foreign minister, Musa Kusa, gave the first official account of events that had sent the two countries' relations into free fall since August 2008. Speaking at the annual General People's Congress's session on live television, Mr Kusa presented a detailed, although sometimes ambiguous, sequence of events.
The presentation appeared to be a PR effort to influence Libyans and explain how events had got out of hand, and why the government had reacted so strongly. Without actually naming Hannibal, Col Qadafi's son, Mr Kusa's official account did state for the first time that "the leader [Col Qadafi] told us as negotiators that he does not mind that his son abides by the law if only the Swiss explain why such force was used in such manner". Of course, he was referring to the arrest of Hannibal and his wife in Geneva hotel in 2008 on charges of abusing two domestic servants.
Mr Kusa also disputed the Swiss authorities' investigation into the incident, calling it "less than serious" because of its narrow focus. In a piece of theatrics, he waved the Swiss list of personae non grata and read out some names, which included the Qadafi family and the entire Libyan cabinet, as well as officials in the oil and gas industry.
By last Thursday, there had been a couple of anti-Swiss demonstrations in three different cities, including about 4,000 students demonstrating outside the Swiss Embassy compound in Tripoli. Encouraged by the authorities, the demonstrations appeared to further pressure Switzerland ahead of possible mediation. On Friday, the situation got even worse when Libya announced a full economic and trade embargo against Switzerland.
A week before, a Tripoli-based ambassador from an EU country told me that the situation was likely to "overheat". Since Switzerland joined the Schengen visa system in December 2008, the Swiss seemed to have used the treaty as a weapon against Libyan visa requests. The ambassador said that on various occasions the Swiss seemed to play games with Libyans applying for visas, particularly targeting requests submitted to France, Portugal and Spain.
Many EU officials in Tripoli appear to be unhappy with the Swiss. In the words of my source, ambassadors even told their Swiss counterparts during a recent meeting that "Libya is more important to us than Switzerland" and "Switzerland should not use the Schengen visa as a tool to settle scores with Libya".
On February 22, EU ambassadors in Tripoli managed to avert a nasty development by persuading the Swiss Embassy to give up two Swiss citizens, Max Göldi and Rachid Hamdani, sheltering in its compound. The two businessmen left the embassy just ahead of Libya's ultimatum that it would take "stronger measures" by noon that day. Mr Göldi was taken to Ajdiada prison, just outside Tripoli, to serve a four-month sentence for business law violations, while Mr Hamdani was taken to hospital for a medical check up.
Interestingly, Mr Hamdani was quoted in Quryna, a Libyan daily, implicating his own government in his ordeal. He told the paper: the "Swiss government got me involved in sheltering in the Swiss Embassy in Tripoli and this only complicated the situation." He seemed to vindicate Libya by saying: "I'll never forget the good hospitality and good memories I had." Mr Hamdani also blamed western media for "misreporting his case", and major outlets did make some factual errors about the case.
The same day as Mr Kusa gave the official explanation, the man at the centre of it all, Hannibal Qadafi, visited Mr Göldi in jail to express his "solidarity" with him according to Libyan TV news.
Public opinion in Libya seems to support the government. Many ordinary Libyans see the Swiss actions as "humiliating", while some analysts nurture farfetched conspiracy theories that Libya singled out Switzerland as a weak European country as further revenge for the aftermath of the Lockerbie bombing.
In Europe, the scandal at the centre of the affair is almost commonplace; in Libya, however, it's seen as a taboo subject that should not be publicised because Col Qadafi's son is involved. It points to differences in understandings of the rule of law, transparency and the very idea of freedom between Europe and a rather tribal Libyan society.
A settlement requires mediation led by Spain, Italy, Portugal and Malta, which were expecting a state visit by Col Qadafi, unlikely now given the latest escalation. In such a row, national interests are the cornerstone of any breakthrough. It's clear that many leading EU countries' economic ties with Libya weigh heavily on their decision. It's also worth remembering that many EU countries are already angry at Switzerland for its tax haven practices.
EU sources in Libya even consider recommending their governments to expel Switzerland from Schengen. However farfetched that seems to be, the Libyan oil and gas exports to many EU countries are a crucial factor in any EU collective action.
Mustafa Fetouri is an academic and analyst based in Tripoli
The Details
Article 15
Produced by: Carnival Cinemas, Zee Studios
Directed by: Anubhav Sinha
Starring: Ayushmann Khurrana, Kumud Mishra, Manoj Pahwa, Sayani Gupta, Zeeshan Ayyub
Our rating: 4/5
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Shubh Mangal Saavdhan
Directed by: RS Prasanna
Starring: Ayushmann Khurrana, Bhumi Pednekar
The five pillars of Islam
Country-size land deals
US interest in purchasing territory is not as outlandish as it sounds. Here's a look at some big land transactions between nations:
Louisiana Purchase
If Donald Trump is one who aims to broker "a deal of the century", then this was the "deal of the 19th Century". In 1803, the US nearly doubled in size when it bought 2,140,000 square kilometres from France for $15 million.
Florida Purchase Treaty
The US courted Spain for Florida for years. Spain eventually realised its burden in holding on to the territory and in 1819 effectively ceded it to America in a wider border treaty.
Alaska purchase
America's spending spree continued in 1867 when it acquired 1,518,800 km2 of Alaskan land from Russia for $7.2m. Critics panned the government for buying "useless land".
The Philippines
At the end of the Spanish-American War, a provision in the 1898 Treaty of Paris saw Spain surrender the Philippines for a payment of $20 million.
US Virgin Islands
It's not like a US president has never reached a deal with Denmark before. In 1917 the US purchased the Danish West Indies for $25m and renamed them the US Virgin Islands.
Gwadar
The most recent sovereign land purchase was in 1958 when Pakistan bought the southwestern port of Gwadar from Oman for 5.5bn Pakistan rupees.
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UAE SQUAD
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Transmission: Seven-speed automatic
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Torque: 315Nm @ 2,000rpm
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Total funding: Self funded
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Favourite place in UAE: Al Rams pearling village
What one book should everyone read: Any book written before electricity was invented. When a writer willingly worked under candlelight, you know he/she had a real passion for their craft
Your favourite type of pearl: All of them. No pearl looks the same and each carries its own unique characteristics, like humans
Best time to swim in the sea: When there is enough light to see beneath the surface
Moon Music
Artist: Coldplay
Label: Parlophone/Atlantic
Number of tracks: 10
Rating: 3/5
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: HyperSpace
Started: 2020
Founders: Alexander Heller, Rama Allen and Desi Gonzalez
Based: Dubai, UAE
Sector: Entertainment
Number of staff: 210
Investment raised: $75 million from investors including Galaxy Interactive, Riyadh Season, Sega Ventures and Apis Venture Partners
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The Buckingham Murders
Starring: Kareena Kapoor Khan, Ash Tandon, Prabhleen Sandhu
Director: Hansal Mehta
Rating: 4 / 5
The specs
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Torque: 380Nm at 4,800rpm
Transmission: CVT auto
Fuel consumption: 9.5L/100km
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Thor: Ragnarok
Dir: Taika Waititi
Starring: Chris Hemsworth, Tom Hiddleston, Cate Blanchett, Jeff Goldblum, Mark Ruffalo, Tessa Thompson
Four stars