Arab survey finds growing concern about effectiveness of democracy

Economic and security issues were of most concern among Tunisian, Lebanese and Iraqi people

Iraqi election officials conduct a manual count of votes from a ballot box picked at random as part of the verification process for the electronic count, at a polling station in the central city of Karbala. AFP

Iraqi election officials in Karbala. AFP

Iraqi election officials conduct a manual count of votes at a polling station in the capital Baghdad. AFP

Iraqi election officials check data at a polling station in Baghdad. AFP

Iraqi officials print out the electronic count of votes at a polling station in Karbala. AFP

Iraqi election officials conduct the electronic count of votes at a polling station in the northern city of Mosul. AFP

Iraqi election officials count votes at a polling station in Baghdad. AFP

An Iraqi election official holds a printout of the electronic count of votes at a polling station in the north-eastern city of Sulaymaniyah in Iraq's autonomous Kurdistan region. AFP

Iraqi officials print out the electronic count of votes at a polling station in the north-eastern city of Sulaymaniyah. AFP

Iraqi election committee staff members count votes at the end of the parliamentary election day at a polling station in Baghdad's Karada district. EPA

Iraqi election committee staff members count votes to elect 329 new members of the Council of Representatives. EPA

Iraq's Independent High Electoral Commission is expected to announce the results of Sunday's election within two days. EPA

Iraqi election committee staff members count votes at the end of Sunday's parliamentary election day at a polling station in Baghdad's Karada district. EPA

A woman voter casts her vote at a polling station in Baghdad. AFP

Election workers count ballots at a polling station in Baghdad at the end of voting in parliamentary elections. AP

An election worker counts ballots after polls close. Parliamentary elections were held months ahead of schedule in response to a popular uprising against corruption and mismanagement. AP

A survey of nearly 23,000 people cross the Middle East and North Africa has revealed rising concern about the ability of democracies to deal with their problems.

The Arab Barometer poll, commissioned by BBC Arabic, found that Tunisians and Iraqis in particular were the least confident that democracy could improve their countries' economies and ensure stability.

The survey was carried out through interviews in eight countries and the Palestinian Territories over several months since late last year.

"Tunisia, Lebanon and Iraq are the countries across the region where elections have been the most meaningful over the past decade, with each having experienced a change in government based on results at the ballot box," the survey report says.

"Yet, their collective experience clearly demonstrates that democracy has not been a panacea for their respective challenges.

“Tunisia's GDP per capita is now lower than it was in 2011, Lebanon has faced financial collapse and Iraq suffered significant internal instability.”

Tunisia's democracy, established after the overthrow of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in 2011, is currently suspended pending a referendum on a new constitution proposed by President Kais Saied.

In Iraq, where democracy was established after a US led-invasion overthrew Saddam Hussein in 2003, a political stalemate has left the country without a new government since the last general election in October.

Lebanon, too, is waiting for new government after elections in early May as politicians negotiate on a Cabinet acceptable to all groups under the country's sectarian power-sharing system.

Tunisia showed the sharpest drop in confidence that democracy would lead to a better economy. Seventy per cent of Tunisians polled agreed that "under a democratic system, the country's economy is weak", compared with 39 per cent in 2018.

The survey findings released last week showed that 70 per cent of Iraqis, 66 per cent of Tunisians and 60 per cent of Libyans and Lebanese agreed that "democratic systems are not effective at maintaining order and stability".

Less than half of those polled in Jordan (46 per cent), Mauritania (38 per cent) and Morocco (34 per cent) shared that view, while 52 per cent supported it in Sudan and the Palestinian Territories.

The Arab Barometer is a research group co-founded by Amaney Jamal, the Dean at Princeton University’s School of Public and International Affairs, and Mark Tessler, a professor of political science at the University of Michigan, both in the US.

Despite the potential problems associated with democracy, the survey showed respondents still considered it to be the best system of governance, particularly in Lebanon (81 per cent) and Jordan (77 per cent).

“Citizens across Mena realise democracy may not be perfect, but a clear majority still say it is preferable to a non-democratic system,” the report said.