Saudi Arabia tightens Ardah dance rules to keep tradition intact

Permission is now required for performances after residents said cultural significance was being undermined

Saudi men perform a traditional sword dance at Rijal Almaa, on the outskirts of Abha, in 2020. Reuters

A Saudi Arabian prince holds a sword as part of the traditional Ardah dance, at the Janadriya cultural festival in Riyadh. Reuters

King Salman performs the Ardah sword dance. Reuters

Britain’s King Charles III has a go at sword dancing on a visit to the Janadriya festival, when he was Prince of Wales in 2014. Reuters

Donald Trump sways with traditional dancers at a welcome ceremony at Murabba Palace, Riyadh, when he was US president in May 2017. AP

Ex-US president George W. Bush and Saudi Arabia's Prince Salman bin Abdul Aziz watch the Ardah being performed in Riyadh. Reuters

Basil Albani holds a traditional sword and dances with his friends on his wedding day in Jeddah. AFP

Bedouins perform the Ardah to honour then-Austrian president Heinz Fischer and his wife Margit on an official visit to Saudi Arabia. Reuters

A Saudi Arabian scout group performs the sword dance in Byblos, Lebanon, marking the end of the 23rd annual meeting of Arab scouts in 1998. Reuters

Anyone in Saudi Arabia who wants to perform the traditional Ardah dance will now have to submit a formal request after complaints that it was being devalued.

The requirement is one of several strict rules imposed by the National Centre for Saudi Ardah.

The new guidelines come after Saudi residents expressed their unhappiness on social media over the performance of the sword dance at the opening of shops and restaurants.

Online posts said Ardah — which combines poetry, drums and rhythmic dancing — should be allowed only in worthy settings.

The centre, affiliated to Riyadh’s King Abdulaziz House, said government or private organisers who want to host the dance must submit an application on its website and adhere to the new rules.

All participants must be Saudi citizens, with no more than 25 performers in official dress, the Saudi Press Agency said.

The name of the band must not appear on the clothes or instruments of the dancers, who must not “deviate from the traditions of the performance”.

Traditionally a military dance, Ardah is now commonly performed at special occasions, including festivals and weddings.

Social media users said certain performances in non-formal settings undermined the dance’s historical and cultural significance.

Twitter user Faisal bin Yazaid said the dance should be performed only in places that reflect Saudi heritage and not at shop openings.

Another user, Nayef Abu Jasim, described Ardah as “a war dance whose splendour and value were preserved for kings and sons of kings who danced to its drums with pride and dignity”.

He said it had no place being performed at the opening of a restaurant.

Ghazi Al Mulaifi, a visiting assistant professor of Music at New York University Abu Dhabi, said there was always the danger of heritage being undermined.

The performances are derived from experience and traditions, which may eventually become a symbol of national identity, he said.

“It is understandable why people get offended when the practice or the dance is taken of out its historical context. People in the Gulf region are very interested and invested in their lineage and historical roots.”

The dance can last several hours, sometimes with short intermissions, including up to 50 lines of poetry.

It is performed throughout Saudi Arabia and was included on the Unesco Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2015.