Why more investors are piling into risky assets on positive US economic data

Some of the biggest downside risks such as rising inflation and a looming recession have faded

Traders work at the New York Stock Exchange. All the optimism has sent the S&P 500 to the brink of its sixth advance in seven months. AP

Industrial shares are on a tear, junk-bond spreads are narrowing, quants are ramping up Treasury shorts and everyone is piling into stocks.

What was once scepticism among investors has become something approaching euphoria.

Cash and hedges are out, replaced by demand for everything from small caps to meme stocks. Fuelling the surge is data showing the US economy is thriving as evidence mounts that the Federal Reserve is beating inflation.

All the optimism has sent the S&P 500 to the brink of its sixth advance in seven months and pushed prices in the Nasdaq 100 to almost 35 times profit.

It’s manna for bulls – even as it leaves them with precious little wriggle room should anything in the economy or monetary policy not unfold as hoped.

“It’s dangerous and consensus, but it’s late July, so who feels like fighting it?” said Peter Tchir, head of macro strategy at Academy Securities.

“We are now at the stage where people feel obligated to fully commit capital. Hawkish Fed is not an excuse right now, and claiming recession is hard to justify as well.”

Economic data keeps defying bearish predictions – everything from gross domestic product to consumer confidence and hiring have beaten forecasts.

Reports on Friday showed the US employment cost index had its slowest advance since 2021 in the second quarter, while the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge posted the smallest increase in more than two years.

Good news on the economy is sucking more investors into risky assets.

A steady expansion in speculative spirits has pushed equity positioning to the highest level since January 2022.

Investors have a clear overweight exposure to stocks after long refusing to budge off their underweight positioning, according to Deutsche Bank.

At the same time, a wide array of hedging metrics is showing low demand for downside protection.

Put premiums for both Invesco QQQ Trust Series 1 (QQQ) and the SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY) are hovering around the lowest levels in at least a decade, according to RBC Capital Markets.

Additionally, investors are buying more calls to chase the rally while spending less to protect their gains.

“The market is just not ready to let go of the positive narrative. Hedging is outrageously cheap,” said Amy Wu Silverman, head of derivatives strategy at RBC Capital Markets.

“There’s more driving of demand of calls from folks who are underperforming than those who have done well and need to hedge.”

While bullish bets are paying off now, all the optimism strikes some as worrisome given the litany of hazards that still face investors.

Markets showed their skittishness in Thursday’s session when the prospect of a mild policy tightening in Japan knocked the S&P 500 down more than 1 per cent intraday, although the drop was rolled back in the next session.

Count Brent Schutte, chief investment officer at Northwestern Mutual Wealth Management, among those who say the euphoria has been taken too far.

He recently revised equity positioning from overweight to neutral while moving to overweight bonds, and says a recession is still well within the realm of the possible.

“Those same people who are probably piling in right now were wrong about their outlook nine months ago and now they’re reversing course,” Mr Schutte said.

“I’m pushing in the opposite direction. The equity market will have some difficult months ahead.”

The Treasury market has lately seen fast-money short bets expanding, with hedge funds overall pushing up bearish wagers to historic levels.

Leveraged funds have been boosting overall shorts on US bond futures since March, according to a gauge of aggregate net positions based on data from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

Fast-money quants known as commodity trading advisers have been amassing a big short bet since May.

JP Morgan Chase strategist Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou estimates that they are sitting on a $150 billion short bond position that they may unwind in a rally.

The flip side of the extreme shift is that negative surprises can have an outsize influence.

In March, banking turmoil caused equities to sink and Treasuries to rally, forcing commodity trading advisers to unwind $200 billion of bonds in the span of a few days, according to JP Morgan Chase. A growth scare could reprise this episode.

Nevertheless, it will be hard to stop the market momentum.

Strategists have revised upwards their S&P 500 targets and economists have softened their dire predictions.

Some of the biggest downside risks threatening the economy – inflation rising to a four-decade high, a looming recession – have since faded.

“It would require a massive rally in bonds that would probably only occur with some sort of growth scare from a data shock,” said Charlie McElligott, cross-asset strategist at Nomura Securities International.

“We have seen economic growth data hold, labour staying firm, and even US housing is recovering.”