Investors focus on inflation data amid bond yield spike and stock volatility

Treasury yields surged to their highest level in more than two years on strong US jobs data

The yield on the benchmark 10-year US Treasury note has climbed about 40 basis points in 2022 to more than 1.9 per cent as investors factor in at least five rate increases from the Fed this year. AP

Wild swings in stocks and a sharp run-up in government bond yields are putting the spotlight on next week’s US inflation data, as investors brace for more volatility across assets.

A turbulent week in markets ended with a surge in Treasury yields to their highest level in more than two years after surprisingly strong US jobs data stoked expectations of a more hawkish Federal Reserve.

Robust data on inflation — which hit its highest annual level in nearly four decades in December — could further bolster the case for a more aggressive Fed and extend the climb in yields, dulling the allure of an equity market struggling to rebound from last month’s tumble.

Due out on Thursday, the US consumer price index for January is expected to have risen 0.5 per cent, culminating in an annual rise of 7.3 per cent, which would be the largest such increase since 1982, according to a Reuters poll.

“We could potentially get a very difficult number to digest next week on the inflation front and that has the potential to cut the markets off at the knees,” said Jack Ablin, chief investment officer at Cresset Capital Management.

The yield on the benchmark 10-year US Treasury note, which moves inversely to prices, has climbed about 40 basis points in 2022 to more than 1.9 per cent as investors factor in at least five rate increases from the Fed this year.

The climb has weighed on equities overall, while contributing to steep declines in the shares of many tech and growth stocks, whose valuations rely on future profits that are discounted more steeply as bond yields rise.

The benchmark S&P 500 is down about 5.6 per cent so far to start the year, with the tech-heavy Nasdaq logging a nearly 10 per cent drop.

“The reason why people are hitting the reset button ... is because valuations were pulled forward a lot," said King Lip, chief strategist at Baker Avenue Asset Management. "With rising rates, the valuations just can’t be justified. So whenever there is a little bit of a miss [on earnings] is when these stocks get punished quite a bit."

The forward price-to-earnings ratio for the S&P 500 has fallen to 19.5 times from 21.7 times at the end of 2021, while the forward P/E for the S&P 500 tech sector has dropped to 24.4 from 28.5, according to Refinitiv Datastream.

Some investors believe stocks have further to fall before they become attractive.

Analysts at Morgan Stanley on Friday urged clients to sell into equity rallies as “a tightening Fed historically brings lower returns and great uncertainty for equities” and wrote the S&P 500’s fair value is closer to 4,000.

Others are questioning whether the growth stocks that have led the markets higher for years are ceding leadership to so-called value stocks, comparatively cheap stocks that are expected to do better in a rising rate or inflationary environment.

The S&P 500 value index, replete with shares of energy firms, financial companies and other economically sensitive names, had declined 1.4 per cent so far this year as of Thursday, versus a 10.2 per cent drop for its S&P 500 growth counterpart.

That disparity would be close to value's biggest annual outperformance over growth in two decades.

"You are seeing gradually higher market interest rates that is causing investors to reassess and to look at near-term profitability and the value and cyclical trade," said John Lynch, chief investment officer for Comerica Wealth Management.

The market was also digesting a topsy-turvy week of high-profile earnings. Shares of Google parent Alphabet and Amazon soared after their respective quarterly reports, while megacap peer Meta Platforms tumbled after the Facebook owner's dour forecast.

Next week, reports are due from Walt Disney, Coca-Cola and Twitter, with Nvidia set to report the following week.

As with Meta Platforms, any disappointments in reports – especially from companies whose valuations remain expensive – could result in severe market fallout, investors said.

"It’s been a volatile start to the year with investors swinging between concerns over Federal Reserve tightening and confidence in the economic recovery," Art Hogan, chief market strategist at National Securities, said in a research note.

"Meta aside, a solid earnings outlook is helping to ease the uncertainty, at least for the moment."