In the Gulf, a measure of international success has been achieved by creating local financial centres.
Both international and regional players were welcomed to these centres and it seemed that the era of globalisation and deregulation could do no wrong as the centres in Dubai and Bahrain flourished.
Riyadh, with its more insular programme, watched from the sidelines.
The rude awakening calls of both last year and this one changed basic assumptions. The search was on for a financial and regulatory framework more suited to local needs.
For a few years it seemed that Dubai and Bahrain would make all the running: the former attracting a large number of financial players lured by globalisation and the ease of doing business in Dubai; the latter attracted institutions that preferred to concentrate on the nearby Saudi market and developing a niche in the growing Islamic finance market.
With the announcement by some top global banks that they will resist government pressure and continue to pay substantial bonuses to their star performers, the debate again has begun on the financial and social impact of the banking and wider financial industry.
The sector has important implications for the Gulf countries vying to create international financial centres in their efforts to diversify their energy-based economies.
It came then as a shock to learn that no less than the top UK financial regulator backed plans for a multibillion-pound tax on banks as a way to tackle the perceived persistent bonus culture.Lord Turner, the chairman of the Financial Services Authority, described much of the City of London's financial activities as "socially useless" and questioned whether it has grown too large.
At home, the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) seemed the envy of all with its sophisticated marketing, regulatory friendly regime under the Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA), as well as the lure of servicing the wider Middle East and Iran.
It was helped by its free-zone status and its aim to bridge the "financial space" between western Europe and east Asia. Bahrain decided to challenge Dubai's role and has conceived its own Bahrain Financial Harbour, on a somewhat more modest scale than Dubai.
In its regulatory approach, Bahrain has decided to complement, rather than challenge Dubai head on. Bahrain has adopted a no-nonsense approach and marketed its regulatory oversight as a safe banking environment that boasts of a financially skilled and educated local population, good communications and a recognised Islamic finance niche player rivalling that of Malaysia.
Other Gulf States have also decided to throw their financial hats into the ring.
Qatar established the Qatar Financial Centre (QFC) as a financial and business hub to tap into the projected US$140 billion (Dh418.72bn) of Qatari-led investments over the next five years.
It seems to have examined the DIFC model well, as the QFC incorporates some its elements, such as the ability to engage in onshore and offshore business, as well as full ownership by foreign companies and full remittance of profits outside Qatar.
Saudi Arabia has decided to develop its own financial centre, the King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD).
The first phase is expected to be completed by 2011. After the excesses that preceded the global financial crisis, SAMA's conservative regulatory model was the grudging toast of the region.
And so back to the question, is the financial sector socially useless? According to Lord Turner, the answer is simple. After a decade of excess, the sector had become "swollen" and needed to be restrained by a so-called Tobin tax on financial transactions.
The tax was suggested by the US economist James Tobin in the early 1970s, but it never got off the ground as London and New York competed to be the premier financial centre, much like the Gulf rivals are today.
Some in the industry might argue that most of the sector's woes stem from overly simplistic financial deregulation, and the apparent obsession with making money by moving money, rather than making real things.
If the financial sector gets back to basics, it is indeed socially useful.
And the notion of a Tobin tax is interesting but is unworkable without international agreements. It also will be complicated to implement and unlikely to be accepted by countries keen to protect their own financial centres.
Dr Mohamed A Ramady is a former banker and a visiting associate professor of finance and economics at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Wicked
Director: Jon M Chu
Stars: Cynthia Erivo, Ariana Grande, Jonathan Bailey
Nayanthara: Beyond The Fairy Tale
Starring: Nayanthara, Vignesh Shivan, Radhika Sarathkumar, Nagarjuna Akkineni
Director: Amith Krishnan
Rating: 3.5/5
Disclaimer
Director: Alfonso Cuaron
Stars: Cate Blanchett, Kevin Kline, Lesley Manville
Rating: 4/5
COMPANY%20PROFILE%20
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECompany%20name%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EAlmouneer%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarted%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%202017%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFounders%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Dr%20Noha%20Khater%20and%20Rania%20Kadry%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EEgypt%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ENumber%20of%20staff%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E120%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestment%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EBootstrapped%2C%20with%20support%20from%20Insead%20and%20Egyptian%20government%2C%20seed%20round%20of%20%3Cbr%3E%243.6%20million%20led%20by%20Global%20Ventures%3Cbr%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Company%20profile
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECompany%20name%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Fasset%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarted%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E2019%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFounders%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Mohammad%20Raafi%20Hossain%2C%20Daniel%20Ahmed%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Dubai%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ESector%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EFinTech%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInitial%20investment%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20%242.45%20million%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ECurrent%20number%20of%20staff%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%2086%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestment%20stage%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Pre-series%20B%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestors%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Investcorp%2C%20Liberty%20City%20Ventures%2C%20Fatima%20Gobi%20Ventures%2C%20Primal%20Capital%2C%20Wealthwell%20Ventures%2C%20FHS%20Capital%2C%20VN2%20Capital%2C%20local%20family%20offices%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Qyubic
Started: October 2023
Founder: Namrata Raina
Based: Dubai
Sector: E-commerce
Current number of staff: 10
Investment stage: Pre-seed
Initial investment: Undisclosed
If you go
Where to stay: Courtyard by Marriott Titusville Kennedy Space Centre has unparalleled views of the Indian River. Alligators can be spotted from hotel room balconies, as can several rocket launch sites. The hotel also boasts cool space-themed decor.
When to go: Florida is best experienced during the winter months, from November to May, before the humidity kicks in.
How to get there: Emirates currently flies from Dubai to Orlando five times a week.
COMPANY PROFILE
Founders: Alhaan Ahmed, Alyina Ahmed and Maximo Tettamanzi
Total funding: Self funded
COMPANY%20PROFILE
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECompany%20name%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Revibe%20%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarted%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%202022%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFounders%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Hamza%20Iraqui%20and%20Abdessamad%20Ben%20Zakour%20%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20UAE%20%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EIndustry%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Refurbished%20electronics%20%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFunds%20raised%20so%20far%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20%2410m%20%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestors%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EFlat6Labs%2C%20Resonance%20and%20various%20others%0D%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The bio
Who inspires you?
I am in awe of the remarkable women in the Arab region, both big and small, pushing boundaries and becoming role models for generations. Emily Nasrallah was a writer, journalist, teacher and women’s rights activist
How do you relax?
Yoga relaxes me and helps me relieve tension, especially now when we’re practically chained to laptops and desks. I enjoy learning more about music and the history of famous music bands and genres.
What is favourite book?
The Perks of Being a Wallflower - I think I've read it more than 7 times
What is your favourite Arabic film?
Hala2 Lawen (Translation: Where Do We Go Now?) by Nadine Labaki
What is favourite English film?
Mamma Mia
Best piece of advice to someone looking for a career at Google?
If you’re interested in a career at Google, deep dive into the different career paths and pinpoint the space you want to join. When you know your space, you’re likely to identify the skills you need to develop.
if you go
The flights
Etihad and Emirates fly direct from the UAE to Seoul from Dh3,775 return, including taxes
The package
Ski Safari offers a seven-night ski package to Korea, including five nights at the Dragon Valley Hotel in Yongpyong and two nights at Seoul CenterMark hotel, from £720 (Dh3,488) per person, including transfers, based on two travelling in January
The info
Visit www.gokorea.co.uk
DEADPOOL & WOLVERINE
Starring: Ryan Reynolds, Hugh Jackman, Emma Corrin
Director: Shawn Levy
Rating: 3/5
FIGHT%20CARD
%3Cp%3EAnthony%20Joshua%20v%20Otto%20Wallin%2C%2012%20rounds%2C%20heavyweight%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EDeontay%20Wilder%20v%20Joseph%20Parker%2C%2012%20rounds%2C%20heavyweight%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EDmitry%20Bivol%20v%20Lyndon%20Arthur%2C%2012%20rounds%2C%20light%20heavyweight%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EDaniel%20Dubois%20v%20Jarrell%20Miller%2C%2012%20rounds%2C%20heavyweight%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EFilip%20Hrgovic%20v%20Mark%20de%20Mori%2C%2012%20rounds%2C%20heavyweight%C2%A0%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EArslanbek%20Makhmudov%20v%20Agit%20Kabayel%2C%2012%20rounds%2C%20heavyweight%C2%A0%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EFrank%20Sanchez%20v%20Junior%20Fa%2C%2012%20rounds%2C%20heavyweight%C2%A0%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EJai%20Opetaia%20v%20Ellis%20Zorro%2C%2012%20rounds%2C%20cruiserweight%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The Library: A Catalogue of Wonders
Stuart Kells, Counterpoint Press