Amazon and Flipkart struggle to source electric vehicles in India

Electric vehicles account for less than 1% of India’s annual car sales compared to about 6% in China

A delivery rider in a Mahindra Treo Zor electric vehicle departs a loading bay at a BigBasket warehouse in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. Photo: Bloomberg

Sourabh Saini, a delivery driver for Indian online supermarket BigBasket, is thrilled by the attention he gets as he zips around Noida, a satellite city on the outskirts of Delhi, in his three-wheeled electric van.

“I like how my electric van always gets noticed,” said Mr Saini, who made the switch from fossil fuels about eight months ago as part of BigBasket’s push to electrify 90 per cent of its fleet. “Customers are surprised at how silent it is. They get curious about my experience of driving an EV and start asking about its price and range.”

That makes him somewhat of a novelty in India, where BigBasket and online companies Amazon.com and Flipkart are struggling to source enough vehicles to meet ambitious targets to electrify their delivery fleets.

“It’s not plug and play,” said Mahesh Pratap Singh, head of sustainability and responsibility at Flipkart. “When we scanned the landscape, there wasn’t much from a supply and reliability perspective, or a viable commercial option out there. That led us to believe you’ve got to put one big bold ambition out there and really nudge the entire ecosystem and shape it, rather than just being a consumer.”

The nature of online delivery operations – quick trips from a central hub where a standard charging solution can be installed – is well suited to EV adoption, overcoming the range anxiety and shortage of charging infrastructure that has proven a roadblock to general take-up.

Electric vehicles account for less than 1 per cent of India’s annual car sales, compared to about 6 per cent in China.

But India’s delivery companies are finding there aren’t many models available that can be deployed at scale, and what supply there is can’t keep up with demand.

Maruti Suzuki India, the country's biggest auto maker, doesn’t make any electric-powered cars, having said the cost of an EV puts them beyond most buyers.

India’s largest two-wheeler maker, Hero MotoCorp, will only have its first electric scooter on the market around March. Tata Motors, a leader in electric passenger cars with its top-selling Nexon, doesn’t have an electric small commercial vehicle of the type usually used in last-mile delivery.

Tata has begun developing electric small commercial vehicles because of the sector’s “strong” potential, said Girish Wagh, president of the auto maker’s commercial vehicle unit.

That leaves Amazon, Flipkart and BigBasket mostly relying on Mahindra & Mahindra’s Treo Zor, a three-wheeled van that costs 273,000 rupees ($3,670) and has sold about 1,000 units in the five months since deliveries started in November. Mahindra produces about 400 Treo Zor vans a month.

“There aren’t enough quality manufacturers making electric vehicles today,” said Olaf Sakkers, general partner and co-founder of venture capital firm RedBlue Capital, which has invested in two Indian EV start-ups. “E-commerce companies like Amazon, Flipkart are single-minded about becoming electric but the biggest problem is supply.”

Amazon aims to have 10,000 EVs delivering parcels in India by 2025, while Walmart’s Flipkart said it will deploy more than 25,000 EVs and be fully electric by 2030. BigBasket, a unit of Tata Group, has pledged to meet its 90 per cent EV target within three years.

Flipkart and Amazon have both tied up with Mahindra Electric Mobility for three-wheelers and Hero Electric Vehicles for scooters.

The electrification of delivery fleets is taking time in North America as well. Amazon has ordered 100,000 electric vans from start-up Rivian Automotive, which last month pushed back the production of its debut vehicle because of supply chain bottlenecks.

Walmart Canada is seeking to convert 20 per cent of its fleet to electric vehicles by the end of 2022 and has reserved 130 Tesla Semi trucks, which haven’t started production yet.

Early moves into EV fleets in India were also plagued by poor designs that couldn’t withstand monsoon rains and notoriously bumpy roads.

When BigBasket began an EV test run in 2017, the swappable batteries weren’t totally waterproof and some caught fire in accidents. The vehicles sometimes ran out of charge and had to be towed back to the depot, and the low-slung battery packs often became submerged in water-filled potholes during monsoons.

BigBasket worked with auto makers to produce fireproof and waterproof swappable batteries that are robust and durable across harsh working environments and the vehicles are now equipped with devices to track how much charge is left, said KB Nagaraju, chief customer officer at BigBasket.

Financing and a lack of incentives are also hampering the electrification of the delivery fleets. Unsure about the new technology and the resale value of EVs in the event of loan defaults, banks are reluctant to lend, and if they do they charge higher interest rates, said BigBasket’s Mr Nagaraju.

Meantime, a 100 billion rupee incentive programme launched in 2019 has failed to meet its targets. Just 19,064 three-wheelers were sold compared to the target of 500,000 and only 74,634 two-wheelers, versus the goal of 1 million.

“Subsidies available currently are still inadequate to bridge the price gap between an average internal combustion vehicle used in commercial fleets and a comparable EV,” said Allen Tom Abraham, an analyst at BloombergNEF. “In India, even though there are very ambitious federal and state-level targets for EV deployment, sales of electric buses, taxis and light-trucks are yet to take off.”

Despite the roadblocks, Saini, the delivery driver, is a convert.