Thailand to tap domestic and foreign options for $30.6bn debt

South-East Asia’s second-largest economy may contract 5.3% this year, according to the Bank of Thailand

A cleaner walks through an empty Airport Link railway station, amid travel restrictions to contain the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus, in Bangkok. AFP

Thailand said it will explore domestic and foreign funding options for planned borrowing of 1 trillion baht ($30.6 billion) to finance a major economic stimulus programme.

The debt is a key element of a 1.9-tn-baht package to help low-income households, farmers and companies reeling from the impact of the novel coronavirus outbreak. Southeast Asia’s second-largest economy may contract 5.3 per cent this year, according to the Bank of Thailand.

“We’ll explore all possibilities,” Patricia Mongkhonvanit, director-general of the finance ministry’s public debt management office, said in an interview Thursday. “We won’t borrow 1tn baht all at once. We’ll proceed gradually, as the funding need arises.”

The scale of the borrowing led to questions about how the government would achieve it. Patricia said the ministry is looking at a mix of instruments, including government bonds, treasury bills, promissory notes, term loans, and savings bonds. Tapping international organisations like the Asian Development Bank and foreign debt markets are also options, she said.

“Our objective is mainly to tap the local market first,” Patricia said. “There is ample domestic liquidity and demand for our products.”

A pending executive decree will permit the fund-raising efforts to run through September 2021, a time-frame designed to give officials flexibility since the duration of the outbreak is uncertain. The 1tn baht additional borrowing is more than double the average annual budget deficit of recent years, according to Australia & New Zealand Banking Group.

The administration will look at short- and long-term instruments, and the issue-size of savings bonds will likely top the usual 50bn baht per year, Patricia said. Officials are also evaluating the strengths and challenges of foreign-currency debt.

“We’re considering foreign investors’ response,” she said. “It looks interesting. But we have to assess costs and foreign-exchange risk.”

International organisations “have very good packages and we’re in talks with them,” Patricia said, adding “their interest rates are quite competitive after swapping back to our currency.”

The extra borrowing under the stimulus plan won’t be accounted for in the government’s regular fiscal deficit because it falls under a special law, meaning it will be treated separately, she said.

Investor panic induced by the coronavirus crisis led the Bank of Thailand to roll out a liquidity backstop to support the fixed-income mutual fund and corporate bond sectors.

“The market volatility is just short term,” Patricia said. “The bond market has improved from two weeks ago. I don’t think it will be a problem -- it’s about what kind of tools investors want during this situation.”