When he first came to China in 1975, Orville Schell, an author and academic, said he could never have imagined the transformation that has since taken place, driven by furious economic growth over three decades.
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"It was unthinkable that anything you see today could've been possible," he says. "There was not one scintilla of evidence that Mao's revolution would do the U-turn it did and much less come to this. How did it happen?"
Recent events have emphasised the magnitude of developments, with China accumulating vast financial reserves thanks to its trade surplus, and becoming the world's second-largest economy.
"It's come to this: the Europeans are coming over here, begging for money. America is paralysed and broke. The Chinese have this vast store of capital. Who would've expected it?" says Mr Schell, the Arthur Ross director of the Center on US-China Relations at the Asia Society in New York.
Mr Schell is conducting a wide-ranging study of the past century of Chinese history, trying to identify the factors that have resulted in China's economic boom. His research will form the basis of a forthcoming book.
The modern Chinese economic take-off is typically attributed to Deng Xiaoping, who took control two years after the death in 1976 of Mao Zedong, communist China's first paramount leader.
Deng's policy of economic liberalisation - he is famously said to have insisted that some people be allowed to "get rich first", a notion that was at the time anathema in the communist country - was advanced in the south of China, allowing the Pearl River Delta to become a global centre for manufacturing.
Until Deng, Mr Schell has observed, there was a series of movements in the 20th century aimed at sparking economic growth and ultimately returning China to what many Chinese felt was their deserved place as a global power. Yet the nationalists and others who followed the downfall of China's feudal traditions in 1911 all fell by the wayside, and the country remained economically backward. For much of the 20th century, Mr Schell says, China was on a series of "catastrophic dead ends", and no one was able to breathe life into the stagnant economy in the way intended.
Mr Schell's counter-intuitive thesis is that it is Mao, the man who lambasted "capitalist roaders" and other "rightists", who unintentionally laid the groundwork for China's economic reforms. Key was his destructive Cultural Revolution of 1966 to 1976, which took aim at traditional Chinese culture, which Mao blamed for holding the country back.
"Mao comes along and he takes a bulldozer to the whole thing. He did something … that allowed Deng Xiaoping to do what he did," Mr Schell says. "He put a stake through the heart of Chinese culture, this thing that for 100 years Chinese reformers and intelligentsia could not escape from."
By casting aside what many saw as moribund cultural practices and traits, Mao paved the way, Mr Schell believes, for the country's economic reforms, even if those ran directly counter to Mao's economic vision.
"The analogy is Europe after the Second World War. It was bombed to the ground. It had to be rebuilt. If it hadn't been bombed,it wouldn't have been rebuilt with such vigour," Mr Schell says.
With China now fuelled by a burning ambition to cement its position as a global and economic power, the question is how long it can continue its economic ascent, with the economy continuing to grow by more than 9 per cent a year.
Many have asked whether China's investment-driven growth is sustainable, and the huge stimulus package that helped China get through the global downturn relatively unscathed has caused local authorities to accumulate vast debts, a potential concern for the future.
"It's been pretty surprising that for 20 years this proposition has been onwards and upwards," Mr Schell says. "You see problems everywhere, and no one recognises the problems more than the leaders … Nothing goes on like this forever. China has had a good run. They're due for a downturn."
business@thenational.ae
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How to protect yourself when air quality drops
Install an air filter in your home.
Close your windows and turn on the AC.
Shower or bath after being outside.
Wear a face mask.
Stay indoors when conditions are particularly poor.
If driving, turn your engine off when stationary.
KINGDOM%20OF%20THE%20PLANET%20OF%20THE%20APES
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Asia Cup 2018 Qualifier
Sunday's results:
- UAE beat Malaysia by eight wickets
- Nepal beat Singapore by four wickets
- Oman v Hong Kong, no result
Tuesday fixtures:
- Malaysia v Singapore
- UAE v Oman
- Nepal v Hong Kong
Greatest of All Time
Starring: Vijay, Sneha, Prashanth, Prabhu Deva, Mohan
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Living in...
This article is part of a guide on where to live in the UAE. Our reporters will profile some of the country’s most desirable districts, provide an estimate of rental prices and introduce you to some of the residents who call each area home.
ARGYLLE
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Bookshops: A Reader's History by Jorge Carrión (translated from the Spanish by Peter Bush),
Biblioasis
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The Perfect Couple
Starring: Nicole Kidman, Liev Schreiber, Jack Reynor
Creator: Jenna Lamia
Rating: 3/5
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Company%20profile
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Cricket World Cup League Two
Oman, UAE, Namibia
Al Amerat, Muscat
Results
Oman beat UAE by five wickets
UAE beat Namibia by eight runs
Fixtures
Wednesday January 8 –Oman v Namibia
Thursday January 9 – Oman v UAE
Saturday January 11 – UAE v Namibia
Sunday January 12 – Oman v Namibia
The%20specs%3A%20Macan%20Turbo
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Virtuzone GCC Sixes
Date and venue Friday and Saturday, ICC Academy, Dubai Sports City
Time Matches start at 9am
Groups
A Blighty Ducks, Darjeeling Colts, Darjeeling Social, Dubai Wombats; B Darjeeling Veterans, Kuwait Casuals, Loose Cannons, Savannah Lions; C Awali Taverners, Darjeeling, Dromedary, Darjeeling Good Eggs
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COMPANY%20PROFILE
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Honeymoonish
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EDirector%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Elie%20El%20Samaan%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarring%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ENour%20Al%20Ghandour%2C%20Mahmoud%20Boushahri%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ERating%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%203%2F5%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
'The Sky is Everywhere'
Director:Josephine Decker
Stars:Grace Kaufman, Pico Alexander, Jacques Colimon
Rating:2/5
Company%20profile
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More on Quran memorisation:
The specs
Engine: 1.5-litre 4-cylinder petrol
Power: 154bhp
Torque: 250Nm
Transmission: 7-speed automatic with 8-speed sports option
Price: From Dh79,600
On sale: Now
The years Ramadan fell in May
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Specs%3A%202024%20McLaren%20Artura%20Spider
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LEADERBOARD
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COMPANY%20PROFILE%20
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECompany%20name%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ETerra%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarted%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%202021%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Dubai%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFounder%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Hussam%20Zammar%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ESector%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Mobility%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestment%20stage%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Pre-seed%20funding%20of%20%241%20million%3Cbr%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Results
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Final scores
18 under: Tyrrell Hatton (ENG)
- 14: Jason Scrivener (AUS)
-13: Rory McIlroy (NIR)
-12: Rafa Cabrera Bello (ESP)
-11: David Lipsky (USA), Marc Warren (SCO)
-10: Tommy Fleetwood (ENG), Chris Paisley (ENG), Matt Wallace (ENG), Fabrizio Zanotti (PAR)
The%20Genius%20of%20Their%20Age
%3Cp%3EAuthor%3A%20S%20Frederick%20Starr%3Cbr%3EPublisher%3A%20Oxford%20University%20Press%3Cbr%3EPages%3A%20290%3Cbr%3EAvailable%3A%20January%2024%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Why does a queen bee feast only on royal jelly?
Some facts about bees:
The queen bee eats only royal jelly, an extraordinary food created by worker bees so she lives much longer
The life cycle of a worker bee is from 40-60 days
A queen bee lives for 3-5 years
This allows her to lay millions of eggs and allows the continuity of the bee colony
About 20,000 honey bees and one queen populate each hive
Honey is packed with vital vitamins, minerals, enzymes, water and anti-oxidants.
Apart from honey, five other products are royal jelly, the special food bees feed their queen
Pollen is their protein source, a super food that is nutritious, rich in amino acids
Beewax is used to construct the combs. Due to its anti-fungal, anti-bacterial elements, it is used in skin treatments
Propolis, a resin-like material produced by bees is used to make hives. It has natural antibiotic qualities so works to sterilize hive, protects from disease, keeps their home free from germs. Also used to treat sores, infection, warts
Bee venom is used by bees to protect themselves. Has anti-inflammatory properties, sometimes used to relieve conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, nerve and muscle pain
Honey, royal jelly, pollen have health enhancing qualities
The other three products are used for therapeutic purposes
Is beekeeping dangerous?
As long as you deal with bees gently, you will be safe, says Mohammed Al Najeh, who has worked with bees since he was a boy.
“The biggest mistake people make is they panic when they see a bee. They are small but smart creatures. If you move your hand quickly to hit the bees, this is an aggressive action and bees will defend themselves. They can sense the adrenalin in our body. But if we are calm, they are move away.”
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Scoreline
Arsenal 0 Manchester City 3
- Agüero 18'
- Kompany 58'
- Silva 65'
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How Islam's view of posthumous transplant surgery changed
Transplants from the deceased have been carried out in hospitals across the globe for decades, but in some countries in the Middle East, including the UAE, the practise was banned until relatively recently.
Opinion has been divided as to whether organ donations from a deceased person is permissible in Islam.
The body is viewed as sacred, during and after death, thus prohibiting cremation and tattoos.
One school of thought viewed the removal of organs after death as equally impermissible.
That view has largely changed, and among scholars and indeed many in society, to be seen as permissible to save another life.