Conceived by legendary Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz as a single novel of about 1,500 pages, The Cairo Trilogy is a timeless work of modern Arab literature, with themes, characters and ideas that are familiar and ring true almost 60 years after it was published.
"The Cairo Trilogy is a work on a par with Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace and Thomas Mann's Buddenbrooks," says Dr Rasheed El Enany, dean of the School of Social Sciences and Humanities, professor of Arabic and Comparative Literature, and professor Emeritus at the University of Exeter.
Financial pressures caused the publisher to split Mahfouz's masterpiece into three volumes published between 1956 and 1957. The titles – Palace Walk (Bayn Al Qasrayn), Palace of Desire (Qasr Al Showq) and Sugar Street (Al Sukkariyyah) – are real streets in Cairo's Al Gamaliya district, where Mahfouz lived.
The Cairo Trilogy is a saga spanning three generations of a family led by tyrannical patriarch Al Sayyid Ahmad Abd Al Jawad, who rules his household with a strict hand while living a hypocritical secret life of self-indulgence. As they confront middle-class mortality and cultural challenges, the family's trials mirror those of their country during the turbulent years between the First and Second World Wars.
“It deals with the human condition on a large scale,” says El Enany. “Every human passion and condition is in it: whatever type of person you are, whatever your life experience, it will have something to say to you.”
It took Mahfouz more than six years to complete and was one of the works that helped earn him the 1988 Nobel Prize in Literature, the only Arab to receive the award.
"The Cairo Trilogy was a unique work in its scope," says El Enany. "It is the first saga novel, or 'roman-fleuve', in Arabic, tracing the lives of three generations of one family – but with that, the life of a whole nation, Egypt, at a critical transitional stage of its life, as it moved from a traditional way of life to a western-inspired modernity with all the pains attendant with that, socially and individually.
“And in doing that, all major human emotions and existential questions are probed and shown at work in the lives of the novel’s multitudinous characters.”
El Enany says he chose to study Mahfouz’s work extensively “because he helped me answer some of the big life questions”.
He adds: “From his works, a complete system of thought emerged – maybe that was an influence of his study of philosophy – where all the pieces of the jigsaw of existence fell in place. That makes him very rewarding to study.
"I think The Cairo Trilogy is above criticism. I am not saying Mahhouz is above criticism but this magnum opus of his certainly is."
The Cairo Trilogy has autobiographical elements, and Mahfouz said he is represented by the character of Kamal Abd Al Jawwad.
"This character evokes the generation of the 1940s, the people who shouldered the burden of liberating Egypt from British rule," he told The Jerusalem Review. "But all other characters are relatively weak. Their confusion symbolises the generations of frustrations and servility who lived under the yoke of the British.
“My own personality appears, in bits and pieces, in everything I’ve written. But it always serves as a means to my end: to give expression to a generation, not an individual. I use myself to show the problems of the life of an entire Egyptian generation.”
Palace Walk introduces us to Amina, a gentle, oppressed wife; her sheltered daughters Aisha and Khadija; and three sons – tragic and idealistic Fahmy, dissolute hedonist Yasin, and Kamal, a soul-searching, intellectual, Hamlet-like figure.
The rebellious children struggle to escape their father's domination in Palace of Desire, as the world around them opens up to the currents of modernity and political and domestic turmoil in the 1920s.
Against the backdrop of an evolving Egypt, Sugar Street brings a dramatic climax as the ageing patriarch sees one grandson become a Communist and another a Muslim fundamentalist.
Mohammad Khodour, chief bookseller at Dar Al Shorouk, says Mahfouz’s books remain in high demand.
"Anyone who wants to discover Mahfouz has to start with The Cairo Trilogy," he says. "It captures everything that is beautiful and ugly about our culture and history. He is the godfather of Arab literature."
He points out Mahfouz was ahead of his time, writing simplified versions of his books for younger readers, making it easy for them to be added to school curricula.
“We read Mahfouz in my time in schools,” says Khodour. “It is something we need to bring back, for Mahfouz didn’t just write about Egypt – what he wrote captured the true story of the lost Arab soul and its conflicts and confusions.”
Mahfouz’s books have inspired generations of writers.
“His writing has taught me to refine the language I use in my writing,” says Noura Al Khoori, an Emirati author of books for children and young adults.
“His writing opened my eyes to twists and tricks writers use in their plots. Mahfouz was intelligent in how he could play on the readers’ emotions and thinking. His style and voice are gripping, so that you feel you want to go back to his books time and time again. The intricate plots. The clear characters. But most of all, his use of the language – not a wasted word.
“Anyone can read and enjoy Naguib Mahfouz, from a university professor to a simple labourer.”
M Lynx Qualey, a freelance writer in Cairo and blogger for the Arab-literature blog arablit.wordpress.com, says she identifies with one of the characters in The Cairo Trilogy.
“Like Mahfouz, I identify with Kamal, and so Kamal’s fate – as an unmarried teacher and emotionally crippled recluse – stretches me every time I reach it,” she says. “I think I’ve recognised myself in his failures ever since I was a teenager, which perhaps has helped soften life’s blows.
“I treasure Mahfouz because he is so easily enjoyable. You can pull his books around you and live inside them. But of course there also has to be the second part: his worlds continue to help us understand ourselves and others, as well as the world around us.”
The first English translation of The Cairo Trilogy, in the early 1990s, was in part thanks to Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis who, as an editor at Doubleday, read it in French to consider for publication.
Like his characters, Mahfouz faced challenges and controversies. Some of his works were banned, and in 1994 he was stabbed in the neck by an extremist, leaving his right arm partly paralysed.
His forgiveness of the attacker, and determination to continue working, added to his stature as a man dedicated to the written word, justifying the award of the Nobel for “an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind”.
Mahfouz died in 2006, at the age of 94.
• The Cairo Trilogy: Palace Walk, Palace of Desire, Sugar Street, published by Everyman's Library in 2001 is available in bookshops and on Amazon for about Dh150. The individual volumes are available for Dh50 each, published by Anchor.
rghazal@thenational.ae
Company Profile
Company name: OneOrder
Started: October 2021
Founders: Tamer Amer and Karim Maurice
Based: Cairo, Egypt
Industry: technology, logistics
Investors: A15 and self-funded
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The Bio
Hometown: Bogota, Colombia
Favourite place to relax in UAE: the desert around Al Mleiha in Sharjah or the eastern mangroves in Abu Dhabi
The one book everyone should read: 100 Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. It will make your mind fly
Favourite documentary: Chasing Coral by Jeff Orlowski. It's a good reality check about one of the most valued ecosystems for humanity
Results
Stage 7:
1. Caleb Ewan (AUS) Lotto Soudal - 3:18:29
2. Sam Bennett (IRL) Deceuninck-QuickStep - same time
3. Phil Bauhaus (GER) Bahrain Victorious
4. Michael Morkov (DEN) Deceuninck-QuickStep
5. Cees Bol (NED) Team DSM
General Classification:
1. Tadej Pogacar (SLO) UAE Team Emirates - 24:00:28
2. Adam Yates (GBR) Ineos Grenadiers - 0:00:35
3. Joao Almeida (POR) Deceuninck-QuickStep - 0:01:02
4. Chris Harper (AUS) Jumbo-Visma - 0:01:42
5. Neilson Powless (USA) EF Education-Nippo - 0:01:45
Results
Stage seven
1. Tadej Pogacar (SLO) UAE Team Emirates, in 3:20:24
2. Adam Yates (GBR) Ineos Grenadiers, at 1s
3. Pello Bilbao (ESP) Bahrain-Victorious, at 5s
General Classification
1. Tadej Pogacar (SLO) UAE Team Emirates, in 25:38:16
2. Adam Yates (GBR) Ineos Grenadiers, at 22s
3. Pello Bilbao (ESP) Bahrain-Victorious, at 48s
Formula Middle East Calendar (Formula Regional and Formula 4)
Round 1: January 17-19, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 2: January 22-23, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 3: February 7-9, Dubai Autodrome – Dubai
Round 4: February 14-16, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 5: February 25-27, Jeddah Corniche Circuit – Saudi Arabia
Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.
Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.
“Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.
“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.
Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.
From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.
Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.
BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.
Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.
Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.
“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.
“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.
“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”
The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”
The specs
Engine: 2.0-litre 4-cylinder turbo
Power: 240hp at 5,500rpm
Torque: 390Nm at 3,000rpm
Transmission: eight-speed auto
Price: from Dh122,745
On sale: now
2025 Fifa Club World Cup groups
Group A: Palmeiras, Porto, Al Ahly, Inter Miami.
Group B: Paris Saint-Germain, Atletico Madrid, Botafogo, Seattle.
Group C: Bayern Munich, Auckland City, Boca Juniors, Benfica.
Group D: Flamengo, ES Tunis, Chelsea, Leon.
Group E: River Plate, Urawa, Monterrey, Inter Milan.
Group F: Fluminense, Borussia Dortmund, Ulsan, Mamelodi Sundowns.
Group G: Manchester City, Wydad, Al Ain, Juventus.
Group H: Real Madrid, Al Hilal, Pachuca, Salzburg.
Killing of Qassem Suleimani
The specs: 2018 Opel Mokka X
Price, as tested: Dh84,000
Engine: 1.4L, four-cylinder turbo
Transmission: Six-speed auto
Power: 142hp at 4,900rpm
Torque: 200Nm at 1,850rpm
Fuel economy, combined: 6.5L / 100km
The biog
Favourite film: The Notebook
Favourite book: What I know for sure by Oprah Winfrey
Favourite quote: “Social equality is the only basis of human happiness” Nelson Madela. Hometown: Emmen, The Netherlands
Favourite activities: Walking on the beach, eating at restaurants and spending time with friends
Job: Founder and Managing Director of Mawaheb from Beautiful Peopl
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Analysis
Members of Syria's Alawite minority community face threat in their heartland after one of the deadliest days in country’s recent history. Read more
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%3Cp%3EEncourage%20innovation%20in%20the%20metaverse%20field%20and%20boost%20economic%20contribution%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EDevelop%20outstanding%20talents%20through%20education%20and%20training%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EDevelop%20applications%20and%20the%20way%20they%20are%20used%20in%20Dubai's%20government%20institutions%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAdopt%2C%20expand%20and%20promote%20secure%20platforms%20globally%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EDevelop%20the%20infrastructure%20and%20regulations%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The Brutalist
Director: Brady Corbet
Stars: Adrien Brody, Felicity Jones, Guy Pearce, Joe Alwyn
Rating: 3.5/5
Scoreline
Real Madrid 1
Ronaldo (53')
Atletico Madrid 1
Griezmann (57')
The National Archives, Abu Dhabi
Founded over 50 years ago, the National Archives collects valuable historical material relating to the UAE, and is the oldest and richest archive relating to the Arabian Gulf.
Much of the material can be viewed on line at the Arabian Gulf Digital Archive - https://www.agda.ae/en
Banned items
Dubai Police has also issued a list of banned items at the ground on Sunday. These include:
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Political flags or banners
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Bikes, skateboards or scooters
SPECS
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Europe’s rearming plan
- Suspend strict budget rules to allow member countries to step up defence spending
- Create new "instrument" providing €150 billion of loans to member countries for defence investment
- Use the existing EU budget to direct more funds towards defence-related investment
- Engage the bloc's European Investment Bank to drop limits on lending to defence firms
- Create a savings and investments union to help companies access capital
Learn more about Qasr Al Hosn
In 2013, The National's History Project went beyond the walls to see what life was like living in Abu Dhabi's fabled fort: